Lyapunov equation in open quantum systems and non-Hermitian physics

نویسندگان

چکیده

The continuous-time differential Lyapunov equation is widely used in linear optimal control theory, a branch of mathematics and engineering. In quantum physics, it known to appear Markovian descriptions (quadratic Hamiltonian, equations motion) open systems, typically from master equations. Despite this, the seldom considered fundamental formalism for systems. this work we aim change that. We establish as efficient systems that can go beyond limitations various standard descriptions, while remaining much less complexity than general exact formalisms. This also provides valuable insights non-Hermitian physics. particular, derive most number conserving system lattice arbitrary dimension geometry, connected an baths at different temperatures chemical potentials. Three slightly forms are derived via motion approach, by making increasing levels controlled approximations, without reference any equation. Then discuss their relation with equations, positivity, accuracy additivity issues, possibility describing dark states, perturbative solutions terms single-particle eigenvectors eigenvalues system, regression formulas. Our derivation gives clear understanding origin Hamiltonian dynamics separates effects thermal fluctuations. Many these results would have been hard obtain approaches.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Physical review

سال: 2022

ISSN: ['0556-2813', '1538-4497', '1089-490X']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.105.062204